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A international sizes: A size, RA size, SRA size, IPS. The A series of sizes uses a parent sheet AO 841x1189 mm, a sheet with an area
of 1 square metre and the sides in proportion of the square
root of two. This proportion was selected so when the sheet is
folded or cut in two the sides are still in the same
proportion. Sixteen A4 sheets can be cut exactly from an A0
sheet. For processing an allowance is added to the length and
breadth. The RA series adds approximately 2.5% to allow for
trimming and grip, the SRA series adds about 15% allows for
bleed, fold, trim and grip. The B series of sizes are not as
well established. They are based on BO a size of 1000x1414, B4
is 250x354 and B5 177x250mm. The common B1 size stocked varies
from 700x1000 to 720x1020, unfortunately not all B1 sizes
presses can accept 720x1020.
A0: 841 x 1189, 860 x 1120, 900 x
1280
A1: 594 x 840, 610
x 860, 640 x 900, 650 x 910
A2: 420 x 594, 430
x 610, 450 x 640, 455 x 650
A3: 297 x 420, 310
x 430, 320 x 450
A4: 210 x 297
ABCD Waste: Classification System used by some of the Paper Industry to define types of waste used to make a particular recycled paper. Although not perfect, it gives some indication of technical and environmental quality.
Absorption: In
paper, the property that causes it to take up liquids or
vapours in contact with it. In optics, the partial suppression
of light through a transparent or translucent material.
Acid free: A paper manufactured to a neutral pH reading. Primarily used for permanent records and to protect materials when contact with paper acidity would be harmful.
Acid Rain: A combination of atmospheric moisture, airborne sulphur and nitrogen oxides to form sulphuric and nitric acids.
Additive
primaries: In colour reproduction, red, green and blue.
When lights of these colours are added together, they produce
the sensation of white light.
Adsorbable Organic Halogen Compounds(AOX): Reported as the total amount of chlorine bound to organic compounds in waste water.
Afforestation: is the process of converting open land into a forest by planting trees or their seeds.
Against the grain:
Folding or feeding paper at right angles to the grain
direction of the paper.
Air brush: Used
to correct and obtain tone or graduated tone effects.
Alkaline paper:
Paper made with a synthetic alkaline size, and alkaline filler
like calcium carbonate, which gives the paper over four times
the life (200 years) of acid-sized papers (40-50 years).
Alternative Fibre: Alternative pulps to woodpulps used in papermaking such as hemp, bamboo or cotton. Sometimes referred to as 'tree-free'.
AM (amplitude
modulation): Halftone screening, as opposed to FM
screening, has dots of variable size with equal spacing
between dot centres (see Halftone).
American
substance: The industry in the USA uses imperial
measurement in inches and pounds and has its own system of
measuring the basis weight of paper. The size used to
calculate the basis weight varies dependent upon the paper
type. The table below tries to equate the systems. Metric
Weight equivalents of popular American substances are as
follows: 24 lb Writing 90 gsm, 60lb Text 89 gsm, 28lb Writing
105 gsm, 70 lb Text 104 gsm, 80 lb Text 118 gsm, 100 lb Text
148 gsm, 65 lb Cover 176 gsm, 80 lb Cover 216 gsm, 100 lb
Cover 270 gsm, 130 lb Cover 352 gsm.
American quarto:
The usual size of office documents in the USA as opposed to
the metric systems A4 or B5. American Quarto is 8.5 x 11
inches, (equivalent metric size is 216 x 279 mm.)
Analogue colour
proof: Off-press colour proof made from separation
films.
Annual Renewable: Crops harvested annually as an alternative to woodpulps
Anti-halation
backing: In photography, coating applied to back of
film to prevent halation.
Anti-offset or set-off
spray: In printing, dry spray of finely powdered starch
used on press to prevent wet ink from transferring from the
top of one sheet to the bottom of the next sheet.
Antique finish: A
term describing the surface, usually on book and cover papers
that have a natural rough finish.
Aperture: In
photography, lens opening or lens stops expressed as an f/no.
Such as f/22.
Apochromatic: In
photography, colour-corrected lenses, which focus the three,
colours, blue, green and red, in the same plane.
Art: All
illustration copy used in preparing a job for printing.
Ascender: That
part of a lower case letter, which rises above the main body,
as in "b".
Automatic
processor: In photography, machine to automatically
develop, fix wash and dry exposed photographic film. In plate
making, machine to develop, rinse, gum and dry printing
plates.
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